Gastric ulcer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
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Basic knowledge of gastric ulcers
Definition:
A gastric ulcer, also known as a stomach ulcer, is a sore that forms on the lining of the stomach. It occurs when the protective layer of mucus that usually guards the stomach from digestive juices is reduced, allowing the acid to erode the tissue. Gastric ulcers can range in size and severity and can cause discomfort and complications.
Causes Of Gastric Ulcer:
Gastric ulcers are primarily caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which weakens the stomach’s protective mucus layer. Other factors, such as long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress, can also contribute to ulcer development.
Types:
There are two main types of gastric ulcers: peptic ulcers and stress ulcers. Peptic ulcers develop in areas exposed to digestive juices, such as the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. Stress ulcers, on the other hand, form due to severe illness, injury, or trauma, affecting the stomach’s blood supply.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of gastric ulcers can vary, but common signs include burning stomach pain, bloating, belching, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Some individuals may experience weight loss and a decrease in appetite.
Risk Factors For Gastric Ulcer:
Several factors can increase the risk of developing gastric ulcers, including infection with H. pylori, regular use of NSAIDs, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, older age, and having a history of ulcers or certain medical conditions like liver, kidney, or lung disease.
Prevention and Management Methods
Healthy Lifestyle:
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important for individuals with gastric ulcers. Adopting a balanced diet that includes foods that are easy on the stomach and avoiding spicy, acidic, and greasy foods can help prevent irritation. Engaging in regular exercise can also promote overall well-being and may aid in managing stress.
Regular Exercise:
Incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines can be beneficial for those with gastric ulcers. Exercise can help improve digestion, reduce stress, and contribute to better overall health.
Proper Diet:
Following a proper diet is essential for managing gastric ulcers. Consuming small, frequent meals and avoiding large, heavy meals can help ease digestion. Choosing fiber-rich foods and staying hydrated can also support gastrointestinal health.
Stress Management:
Stress management techniques are crucial for individuals with gastric ulcers. Practicing relaxation methods, such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga, can help reduce stress and prevent flare-ups of symptoms.
Initial Symptoms and First Aid
Early Symptoms:
Early symptoms of gastric ulcers may include a burning or gnawing pain in the stomach, often felt between meals or during the night. Some individuals may experience bloating, heartburn, and a feeling of fullness after eating only a small amount.
Emergency Treatment:
In cases of severe gastric ulcers, emergency treatment may be necessary. If there is sudden, intense abdominal pain, vomiting blood, or passing dark, tarry stools, medical attention should be sought immediately. These symptoms could indicate internal bleeding or a perforation in the stomach lining, which require prompt medical intervention.
Treatment and Rehabilitation:
The treatment of gastric ulcers typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production and promote healing. In cases where the ulcer is caused by the bacteria H. pylori, antibiotics may also be prescribed. Alongside medication, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial. This includes following a balanced diet that avoids spicy, acidic, and fatty foods, as well as avoiding alcohol and tobacco. Stress management techniques can also aid in the healing process. In some cases, severe ulcers may require endoscopic procedures to directly treat the ulcer or control bleeding. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
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Gastric ulcer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment,
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